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B

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C

Cambria N, Fehler P, Purnell JQ, Schmidt B. (2018). Segregation in St. Louis: Dismantling the divide. Washington University in St. Louis. https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.wustl.edu/dist/3/1454/files/2018/06/Segregation-in-St.-Louis-Dismantling-the-Divide-22ih4vw.pdf

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D

Dahlberg, S. (2012). Do not forget me: Richard Frethorne, indentured servitude, and the English poor law of 1601. Early American Literature, 47(1).

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Dowden-White, P. (2011). Groping toward democracy: African American social welfare reform in St. Louis, 1910-1949. University of Missouri.

Duvall, T. (2020, June 10). Louisville police release the Breonna Taylor incident report. It’s virtually blank. Louisville Courier Journal. https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/crime/2020/06/10/breonna-taylor-shooting-louisville-police-release-incident-report/5332915002/.

E

Echibiri, C. (2019, November 4). The carceral state and white supremacy, one and the same – a tale of state sanctioned violence. Georgetown Journal of Law and Modern Critical Race Perspectives. https://www.law.georgetown.edu/mcrp-journal/blog/a-tale-of-state-sanctioned-violence/

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F

Farr, J. (2008). Locke, Natural Law, and New World Slavery. Political Theory, 36(4), 495-522. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20452649

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Feagin, J. (2006). Systemic racism: A theory of oppression. Routledge.

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Fenton, J. (2016, October 31). Video shows officer operating the knife recovered from Freddie Gray. Baltimore Sun. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/investigations/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-knife-video-20161028-story.html

Fernandez, M., Burch, A., (2020, June 9). George Floyd, from ‘I want to touch the world’ to ‘I can’t breathe’. The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/george-floyd-from-i-want-to-touch-the-world-to-i-cant-breathe/.

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Finkelman, P. (1988). Slavery and bondage in the “empire of liberty”. In Williams F. (Ed.), The northwest ordinance: essays on its formulation, provisions, and legacy (pp. 61-96). Michigan State University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/j.ctt7zt4w7.8

Foner, E. (2014). Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863-1877. HarperPerennial.

-----. (2015). Gateway to freedom: the hidden history of the underground railroad. W.W. Norton and Company.

Frankin, John Hope and Schweninger, Loren. (2000). Runaway slaves: Rebels on the plantation. Oxford University Press.

Friedman, B. (2018). Unwarranted: policing without permission. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 

Frost, K.S. and B. Prince. (2016). A fluid frontier: slavery, resistance, and the underground railroad in the Detroit River borderland. Wayne State University Press.

G

Gordon, C. (2009). Mapping decline: St. Louis and the fate of the American city. University of Pennsylvania Press.

———. (2019). Citizen brown: race, democracy, and inequality in the St. Louis suburb. University of Chicago Press.

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Greenberg, C. (2009). To ask for an equal chance: African Americans in the great depression. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

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H

Hammond, John Craig and Mason, Matthew. (2011). Contesting slavery: the politics of bondage and freedom in the new American nation. University of Virginia Press.

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Hennessy-Fiske, M., Pearce, M., & Susman, T. (2014, August 15). Officer who shot Michael Brown didn’t know he was a robbery suspect. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fergsuon-shooting-police-name-20140815-story.html.

Hill, M. L. (2017). Nobody: Casualties of America’s war on the vulnerable, from Ferguson to Flint and beyond. Atria Paperback. 

Hinton, E. (2016). From the war on poverty to the war on crime: the making of mass incarceration in America. Harvard University Press.

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Hurd, C. (1917). 24 Negroes Killed in E. St. Louis. St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

I

Looker, B., & Izzo, A.L. (2022). Left in the midwest: St. Louis progressive activism in the 1960s and 1970s. University of Missouri Press.

J

Jeffrey, J. (2008). Abolitionists remember: Antislavery autobiographies and the unfinished work of emancipation. The University of North Carolina Press.

K

Kaplan, F. (2015, October). The twisted history of the gateway arch. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/story-st-louis-gateway-arch-180956624/

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L

Lang, C. (2009). Grassroots at the gateway: class politics and Black freedom struggle in St. Louis, 1936-75. University of Michigan Press.

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M

Malka, Adam. (2018). The men of mobtown: Policing Baltimore in the age of slavery and emancipation. University of North Carolina Press.

McEntee, G. (2019). The underground railroad. Salem press encyclopedia. 

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Millward, Jessica. (2014). Finding Charity’s Folk. The University of Georgia Press.

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Mitchell, N. E. (2023, July 13). Bans on critical race theory could have a chilling effect on how educators teach about racism. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/bans-on-critical-race-theory-could-have-a-chilling-effect-on-how-educators-teach-about-racism-163236.

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Naffziger, C. (2020 December 24). What happened to carr square? St. Louis Magazine. https://www.stlmag.com/history/what-happened-to-carr-square/

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Oliveri, R. C. (2015). Setting the stage for Ferguson: Housing discrimination and segregation in St. Louis. MISSOURI LAW REVIEW, 80, 1053.

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PBS (2003). Interview with Robert Rydell. Race the power of an illusion. https://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-02-11.htm

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Rees, Charles A. (2001) The first American bill of rights: Was it Maryland's 1639 act for the liberties of the people? University of Baltimore Law Review, 31(1), Article 3. http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/ublr/vol31/iss1/3

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Terry, D. (2019). The struggle and the urban south: confronting jim crow in Baltimore before the movement. University of Georgia Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv5npj6h

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Van Cleave, G. W. (2010). A slaveholders' union: slavery, politics, and the constitution in the early American republic. University of Chicago Press.

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Walsh, L. (2022). Through the lens: The pandemic and Black Lives Matter. Routledge. 

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